Latest PDF of CKA: Certified Kubernetes Administrator

Certified Kubernetes Administrator Practice Test

CKA test Format | Course Contents | Course Outline | test Syllabus | test Objectives

Certification Name: Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA)
Provider: Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) and Linux Foundation
Target Audience: Kubernetes administrators, DevOps engineers, and IT professionals managing Kubernetes clusters.
Exam Format: Performance-based (hands-on tasks in a live Kubernetes environment).
Number of Questions: 15-20 performance-based tasks.
Duration: 2 hours.
Passing Score: 66% (on a scale of 0-100).
Language: English.
Delivery Method: Online proctored exam.

Exam Objectives
The CKA test focuses on the following key objectives:

Cluster Architecture, Installation, and Configuration:
- Understanding Kubernetes cluster components.
- Installing and configuring Kubernetes clusters.

Workloads and Scheduling:
- Managing workloads using Deployments, Pods, and DaemonSets.
- Configuring scheduling for workloads.

Services and Networking:
- Configuring networking and services in Kubernetes.
- Managing ingress and egress traffic.

Storage:
- Configuring persistent storage for applications.
- Managing Persistent Volumes (PVs) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVCs).

Troubleshooting:
- Diagnosing and resolving issues in Kubernetes clusters.
- Debugging application and cluster-level problems.

Security:
- Implementing security best practices in Kubernetes.
- Managing authentication, authorization, and encryption.

Topic Details
The CKA test covers the following domains and topics:

1. Cluster Architecture, Installation, and Configuration (25%)
- Key Topics:
- Kubernetes cluster components (API server, etcd, kubelet, scheduler, controller manager).
- Installing and configuring Kubernetes using tools like kubeadm.
- Managing high-availability clusters.
- Upgrading Kubernetes clusters.
- Configuring etcd for high availability.

2. Workloads and Scheduling (15%)
- Key Topics:
- Creating and managing Pods, Deployments, and DaemonSets.
- Configuring resource limits and requests.
- Managing rolling updates and rollbacks.
- Configuring scheduling policies and affinity/anti-affinity rules.

3. Services and Networking (20%)
- Key Topics:
- Configuring ClusterIP, NodePort, and LoadBalancer services.
- Managing ingress controllers and ingress resources.
- Configuring network policies.
- Troubleshooting network issues.

4. Storage (10%)
- Key Topics:
- Configuring Persistent Volumes (PVs) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVCs).
- Managing storage classes.
- Configuring dynamic provisioning.
- Troubleshooting storage issues.

5. Troubleshooting (30%)
- Key Topics:
- Diagnosing application and cluster-level issues.
- Debugging Pods, Nodes, and control plane components.
- Monitoring and logging in Kubernetes.
- Using tools like kubectl, kubeadm, and etcdctl for troubleshooting.

6. Security (10%)
- Key Topics:
- Configuring authentication and authorization (RBAC).
- Managing secrets and ConfigMaps.
- Configuring network policies and encryption.
- Implementing security best practices for Kubernetes clusters.

Key Terminology
Below is a list of key terms relevant to the CKA exam:

- Pod
- Deployment
- Service
- Persistent Volume (PV)
- Persistent Volume Claim (PVC)
- Namespace
- RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
- Ingress
- kubectl
- etcd

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CKA
Certified Kubernetes Administrator 2025
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Question: 476
afana metheus entd
ico er: B
nation: Prometheus is widely used for monitoring and alerting in Kubernetes environments, ing metrics and providing a robust query language.
ion: 477
------ service provides a way to route external traffic to services within a Kubernetes cluster.
sterIP dePort adBalancer ress
er: D
nation: An Ingress resource is used to manage external access to services, typically HTTP, w netes cluster.
ion: 478
You need to monitor the health of your Kubernetes cluster continuously. Which tool would you use to set up monitoring and alerts?
1. Gr
2. Pro
3. Flu
4. Cal Answ
Expla collect
Quest
The --
1. Clu
2. No
3. Lo
4. Ing Answ
Expla ithin a
Kuber
Quest
You need to define a Role that allows a user to create and delete ConfigMaps in the development namespace. What YAML snippet would you use?
1. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: Rolemetadata:name: configmap-editornamespace: developmentrules:apiGroups: ["*"]resources: ["configmaps"]verbs: ["create", "delete"]
2. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: Rolemetadata:name: configmap-editornamespace: developmentrules:apiGroups: [""]resources: ["configmaps"]verbs: ["create", "delete"]
3. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role
metadata:
name: configmap-editor namespace: development rules:
apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["*"]
verbs: ["create", "delete"]
4. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role
metadata:
pace: development
oups: ["configmaps"] ces: ["configmaps"] "create", "delete"]
er: B
nation: This YAML configuration correctly defines a Role that allows creating and deleting gMaps in the development namespace.
ion: 479
ant to ensure that a Pod can only be scheduled on nodes with a specific resource available. What should you use?
source Limits ource Requests de Affinity
de Selector er: B
nation: Resource Requests specify the minimum amount of resources required for the Pod, ncing the scheduler to place it on a suitable node.
name: configmap-editor names
rules: apiGr resour verbs: [
Answ Expla
Confi
Quest You w feature
1. Re
2. Res
3. No
4. No
Answ Expla
influe
Question: 480
You are troubleshooting a secret that is not being correctly injected into a pod. What command would you use to check the secret's details?
1. Both A and B
2. kubectl describe secret <secret-name>
3. kubectl logs <pod-name>
4. kubectl get secret <secret-name> -o yaml
Answer: A
Explanation: Both commands provide detailed information about the secret, helping to diagnose issues with its injection into the pod.
Question: 481
You have a multi-node Kubernetes cluster and need to ensure that all kubelet services are running correctly. What command would you use to check the status of the kubelet service on a node?
1. kubectl get nodes
rnalctl -u kubelet
bectl describe node <node-name> er: B
nation: The command systemctl status kubelet checks the status of the kubelet service directl de, providing insights into whether it is active and any errors that may have occurred.
ion: 482
re configuring a dynamic provisioning for a storage class. Which parameter would you set to the disk type for an AWS EBS volume?
umeType kType rageType
er: B
nation: The volumeType parameter specifies the type of AWS EBS volume to be provisioned o1).
ion: 483
ant to ensure that your control plane nodes are highly available. Which configuration should
systemctl status kubelet
2. jou
3. ku Answ
Expla y on
the no
Quest
You a specify
1. type
2. vol
3. dis
4. sto Answ
Expla (e.g.,
gp2, i
Quest
You w you
implement?
1. Deploy a single control plane node with a static IP
2. Deploy multiple control plane nodes with an etcd cluster
3. Use an external etcd cluster
4. Use a single-node etcd instance Answer: B
Explanation: For high availability, you should deploy multiple control plane nodes along with a
distributed etcd cluster to prevent a single point of failure.
Question: 484
To achieve high availability for the controller manager, you decide to run multiple instances. What must you ensure about the API server in this configuration?
1. It must be run on a single node only.
2. It must support leader election among the controller managers.
3. No changes are needed for the API server.
er: B
nation: When running multiple instances of the controller manager, it is crucial to enable lea election to ensure that only one instance actively manages the cluster at any given time.
ion: 485
eed to ensure that your Kubernetes nodes can be automatically updated with the latest securit
s. Which feature should you consider?
de Auto-Scaling ster Autoscaler
nual Node Management naged Kubernetes Services
er: D
nation: Managed Kubernetes services often include automated updates for security patches, e re kept up to date without manual intervention.
ion: 486
eed to upgrade a Kubernetes cluster from version 1.20 to 1.22. What is the recommended up
grade to 1.21 first, then to 1.22. grade directly to 1.22.
It must be configured to replicate its state across nodes. Answ
Expla der
Quest
You n y
patche
1. No
2. Clu
3. Ma
4. Ma
Answ
Expla nsuring
nodes a
Quest
You n grade
path?
1. Up
2. Up
3. Upgrade to the latest patch of 1.20, then to 1.22.
4. Upgrade to 1.19 first, then to 1.21. Answer: A
Explanation: Kubernetes requires upgrades to be performed sequentially between minor versions. Thus, you must upgrade to 1.21 before proceeding to 1.22.
Question: 487
In a scenario where you need to configure Kubernetes with multiple etcd clusters for disaster recovery,
which of the following configurations would be ideal?
1. All etcd clusters in the same data center.
2. etcd clusters running on the same node as the API server.
3. etcd clusters located in different geographical regions.
4. A single etcd cluster with read replicas in different zones. Answer: C
ion: 488
eed to set up a cluster with a specific API server advertising address. What parameter should hen initializing the cluster with kubeadm?
dvertise-address=<ip> piserver-override=<ip> dvertise-ip=<ip>
nd-address=<ip> er: A
nation: The --advertise-address parameter specifies the IP address that the kube-apiserver will ise to the other nodes in the cluster.
ion: 489
ant to ensure that a pod cannot be scheduled on nodes with the label env=production. Which uration should you use?
deSelector: roduction
rations:- key: envoperator: Equalvalue: production
Explanation: Placing etcd clusters in different geographical regions provides redundancy and ensures data availability even if one region faces a failure.
Quest
You n you
use w
1. --a
2. --a
3. --a
4. --bi Answ
Expla advert
Quest
You w config
1. no env: p
2. tole
3. taints:
- key: env
value: production effect: NoSchedule
4. nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: envoperator: NotInvalues:- production
Answer: D
Explanation: Using NotIn in matchExpressions for node affinity prevents the pod from being scheduled on nodes labeled with env=production.
Question: 490
What is the significance of the restartPolicy field in a Pod specification?
1. It determines how many replicas to run.
2. It defines the resource limits for the Pod.
3. It specifies the node on which the Pod should run.
er: D
nation: The restartPolicy field controls the behavior of the Pod when it fails, determining wh be restarted or not.
ion: 491
re configuring a Kubernetes cluster with kubeadm and need to ensure that the API server can high availability. What is the minimum number of API server instances you must deploy?
er: C
nation: To achieve high availability, you should deploy at least three instances of the API ser ng quorum can be maintained in etcd.
ion: 492
command would you use to view the permissions associated with a specific Role in a name bectl describe role <role-name> -n <namespace>
It controls the behavior of the Pod when it fails. Answ
Expla ether it
should
Quest
You a handle
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 5
Answ
Expla ver,
ensuri
Quest
Which space?
1. ku
2. kubectl get role <role-name> -n <namespace>
3. Both A and C
4. kubectl auth can-i --list --as <user> -n <namespace> Answer: C
Explanation: Both commands provide insights into the permissions defined in a Role and how they relate to a specific user.
Question: 493
You suspect a resource leak in your cluster. What command can you use to assess resource usage across all namespaces?
1. kubectl top pods --all-namespaces
2. kubectl get all --all-namespaces
3. kubectl describe nodes
4. kubectl get resourcequotas --all-namespaces Answer: A
nation: The kubectl top pods --all-namespaces command provides metrics about resource usa elping to identify potential leaks.
ion: 494
re investigating a memory leak in a pod. What command would you use to check the resourc f all containers in that pod?
bectl get pod <pod-name> -o jsonpath='{.status.containerStatuses[*].usage}' ectl top pod <pod-name>
ectl describe pod <pod-name> bectl logs <pod-name>
er: B
nation: The kubectl top pod command provides real-time metrics on CPU and memory usage ecified pod's containers.
ion: 495
is expected to communicate with a service that uses a headless configuration. Which comm you use to verify the endpoints of the service named my-headless-service in the default names
bectl get endpoints my-headless-service -n default ectl get service my-headless-service -n default
Expla ge for
pods, h
Quest
You a e
usage o
1. ku
2. kub
3. kub
4. ku Answ
Expla for
the sp
Quest
A pod and
can pace?
1. ku
2. kub
3. kubectl describe service my-headless-service -n default
4. kubectl logs my-headless-service -n default Answer: A
Explanation: The kubectl get endpoints command retrieves the endpoints associated with the headless service, showing the actual pod IPs that are part of the service.
Question: 496
What command would you use to check the status of etcd in your Kubernetes cluster?
1. etcdctl endpoint health
2. kubectl get pods -n kube-system
3. kubectl logs -n kube-system etcd-<node-name>
4. Both A and C Answer: D
ion: 497
_______ is responsible for managing the lifecycle of pods and ensuring the desired state is a ubernetes cluster.
belet
e-proxy server
er: A
nation: The kubelet manages the lifecycle of pods on a node and communicates with the API ort status.
ion: 498
eed to expose a service internally within the cluster using a ClusterIP service. What YAML tly defines this service for a deployment named my-app?
Version: v1kind: Servicemetadata:name: my-appspec:type: ClusterIPselector:app: my- rts:port: 8080targetPort: 80
Version: v1 ervice
Explanation: Both commands provide information about the health and status of the etcd cluster, which is crucial for Kubernetes functionality.
Quest
The _ chieved
in a K
1. ku
2. kub
3. API
4. etcd Answ
Expla server
to rep
Quest
You n snippet
correc
1. api apppo
2. api kind: S metadata:
name: my-app spec:
type: NodePort selector:
app: my-app ports:
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
3. apiVersion: v1
kind: Service metadata: name: my-app spec:
type: LoadBalancer selector:
app: my-app ports:
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
rts:port: 80targetPort: 8080 er: D
nation: This YAML snippet correctly defines a ClusterIP service that routes traffic from port get port 8080 of the pods labeled app=my-app.
ion: 499
the blank: The ________ component is responsible for ensuring that the state of the cluster es the desired state defined in the deployment specifications.
er: Controller Manager
nation: The Controller Manager continuously monitors and adjusts the state of the cluster to sired state defined in deployments.
ion: 500
the blank: To ensure that your etcd cluster can recover from failures, you should regularly b etcd data using the command ________.
er: etcdctl snapshot save
apiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata:name: my-appspec:type: ClusterIPselector:app: my- apppo
Answ
Expla 80 to
the tar
Quest
Fill in match
Answ
Expla match
the de
Quest
Fill in ack up
the Answ
Explanation: The etcdctl snapshot save command is used to create backups of the etcd data, which can be restored in case of failures.
Question: 501
A Kubernetes worker node, named wk8s-node-0 is in state NotReady. Investigate why this is the case, and perform any appropriate steps to bring the node to a Ready state, ensuring that any changes are made permanent.
You can ssh to the failed node using: [[email protected]] $ | ssh Wk8s-node-0
You can assume elevated privileges on the node with the following command: [[email protected]] $ | sudo Ci
r: solution
Answe
Question: 502
CORRECT TEXT
Create a pod as follows:
Name: non-persistent-redis container Image: redis
Volume with name: cache-control Mount path: /data/redis
The pod should launch in the staging namespace and the volume must not be persistent.
Answer: solution

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