IBCLC exam Format | Course Contents | Course Outline | exam Syllabus | exam Objectives
International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners (IBCLE)
International Board Certified Lactation Consultant® (IBCLC®)
Detailed Content Outline
A. Infant
1. Feeding behaviours at different ages
2. Food intolerances/allergies
3. Infant anatomy and anatomical/oral challenges
4. Introducing complementary foods
5. Low birth weight
6. Milk banking – formal and informal
7. Normal infant behaviours
8. Nutritional requirements - preterm
9. Preterm development and growth
10. Skin tone, muscle tone, reflexes
11. Term development and growth
12. WHO growth charts with gestational age adjustment
B. Maternal
1. Breast development and growth
2. Breast surgery
3. Composition of human milk
4. Maternal anatomical challenges
5. Maternal nutritional status
6. Nipple structure and variations
II. Physiology and Endocrinology 24
1. Diabetes
2. Infertility Issues
3. Maternal metabolic and hormonal disorders (e.g., thyroid, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)
4. Maternal autoimmune disorders
5. Multiples
6. Newborn hypoglycemia
7. Pregnancy and breastfeeding – tandem
8. Relactation
9. Stooling and voiding
III. Pathology 31
A. Infant
1. Allergies
2. Ankyloglossia
3. Cleft lip and palate
4. Congenital anomalies (e.g., gastrointestinal, cardiac)
5. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), reflux
6. Hyperbilirubinemia
7. Infant acute disease (bacterial, viral, fungal, systemic)
8. Infant neurological disabilities
9. Small for Gestational Age (SGA), Large for Gestational Age (LGA)
B. Maternal
1. Abscess
2. Milk ejection reflex dysfunction
3. Maternal acute disease (bacterial, viral, fungal, systemic)
4. Maternal chronic disease
5. Maternal disability (physical and neurological)
6. Mastitis
7. Milk supply, low or over
8. Nipple and breast conditions
9. Nipple pain and trauma
10. Post-partum hemorrhage
11. Pre-eclampsia / pregnancy induced hypertension
IV. Pharmacology and Toxicology 13
1. Alcohol and tobacco
2. Contraception
3. Drugs of abuse
4. Galactogogues
5. Gel dressings/nipple creams
6. Medication (prescription, over-the-counter, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures)
7. Medicinal Herbs
V. Psychology, Sociology, and Anthropology
1. Transition to parenthood
2. Birth practices
3. Foods to eat/avoid that affect lactation
4. Employment – returning to work
5. Family lifestyle
6. Identifying support networks
7. Maternal mental health
8. Maternal psychological/cognitive issues
9. Mother-baby relationship
10. Safe sleep
11. Weaning
12. Cultural competency
VI. Techniques 25
1. Effective milk transfer (including medically-indicated supplementation)
2. First hour
3. Latching
4. Managing supply
5. Milk expression
6. Positioning
7. Refusal of breast, bottle
8. Skin-to-skin (Kangaroo care)
9. Test-weighing
VII. Clinical Skills 35
A. Equipment and Technology
1. Feeding devices (e.g., tubes at breast, cups, syringes, teats)
2. Handling and storage of human milk
3. Nipple devices (e.g., shields, everters)
4. Pacifiers
5. Pumps
6. Scales
7. Communication technology
8. Websites
B. Education and Communication
1. Active listening
2. Anticipatory guidance
3. Care plan development and sharing
4. Documentation
5. Educating mothers and families
6. Educating professionals, peers, and student
7. Extending the duration of breastfeeding
8. Emotional support
9. Empowerment
10. Group support
C. Ethical and Legal Issues
1. Breastfeeding in public
2. Clinical competencies
3. Code of Professional Conduct (CPC)
4. Principles of confidentiality
5. WHO code –advocacy and policy
D. Research
1. Apply research in practice
2. Appraise and interpret research results
3. Use research to help develop policies and protocols
E. Public Health and Advocacy
1. Advocate for Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)
2. Advocate for compliance with World Health Organization International Code of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes (WHO Code)
3. Advocate for mother / baby in healthcare system
4. Develop breastfeeding-related policies
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Question: 57
Public health efforts focus on populations and their risks. Which disorder is associated with early and middle childhood, according to Healthy People 2020?
1. Dental caries
2. Pneumonia
3. Immunizations
4. Congenital disorders
Answer: A
Dental caries is associated with early and middle childhood, according to Healthy People 2020. Congenital disorders occur in utero; and pneumonia is associated with older age groups. Lastly, immunizations prevent disorders. Other disorders that affect early childhood and middle childhood include asthma, child abuse and neglect, obesity, and behavioral disorders.
Question: 58
The Department of Health is conducting screening tests for tuberculosis among women of childbearing age. The results of the screening indicate that the screening test is sensitive. What does this mean?
1. It means that the screening test is consistent over time.
2. It means that the screening test is consistent among those who perform it.
3. It means that the screening test is able to identify those with tuberculosis.
4. It means that the screening test is able to identify those without tuberculosis.
Answer: C
A test is sensitive when it is able to identify those with tuberculosis or another disorder. A test is specific when it is able to identify those without the trait or disorder. Consistency over time and among different testers is referred to as reliability.
Question: 59
Which of the following is an independent variable?
1. Levels of postnatal stress (relating multiple births)
2. One-to-one teaching (and the effect of this teaching on maternal attachment)
3. Perceived knowledge levels (after an educational class on latching techniques)
4. Compliance levels (after a class on the importance of completing the entire antibiotic regimen)
Answer: B
One-to-one teaching is an example of an independent variable. For example, a lactation consultant may deliver a one-to-one teaching session to some clients and a group class for other clients and compare the results. The researcher will then attempt to determine if one of these two groups has higher levels of maternal attachment. The other choices are dependent or effect variables.
Question: 60
Focus group research is an example of:
1. Quantitative research.
2. Statistical research.
3. Qualitative research.
4. Cultural research.
Answer: C
Focus group research is an example of qualitative research. The data consists of words and patterns found in the narrative data. Quantitative research analyzes data in terms of statistics and math.
Question: 61
The T-test and the Chi-square test help researchers to:
1. Find out if things are positively correlated.
2. Find out if things are negatively correlated.
3. Determine the mean, median, and mode.
4. Determine the statistical significance.
Answer: D
The T-test and the Chi-square test help researchers to determine the statistical significance of research findings. Correlation coefficients are used to determine if there is a negative or positive correlation.
Question: 62
Which ordinal position is characterized with more physical punishment than other siblings?
1. The firstborn
2. The middle children
3. The youngest child
4. The 12-year-old boy
Answer: A
The firstborn child is the child who is most often physically punished. This ordinal position child is also more dominant and achievement-oriented than other ordinal positions.
Question: 63
What position is the mother using when the baby is held against the mothers side
with its feet pointing back towards the chair that the mother is sitting on?
1. The football hold
2. The cross-cradle hold
3. The cradle hold
4. The sitting up hold
Answer: A
The position that the mother is using when the baby is held against the mothers side with its feet pointing back towards the chair that the mother is sitting on is called the football hold. The babys body is supported on the mothers forearm while their hand is under the back of his head with the palm up.
Question: 64
The practice of holding the baby so that his or her bare chest is against that of his or her mother or father to help to promote breastfeeding is:
1. Parent-to-baby holding.
2. Skin-to-skin holding.
3. Heart-to-heart holding.
4. Baby-to parent swaddle.
Answer: B
The practice of holding the baby so that his or her bare chest is against that of his or her mother or father, is skin-to-skin holding. This technique helps to promote breastfeeding. The baby can be covered with a blanket or held under the parents clothing to keep warm during skin-to-skin holding.
Question: 65
The best way for the mother to learn how to breastfeed is to:
1. Follow the nurses suggestions only.
2. Watch other mothers breastfeed.
3. Ask a friend who has just had a baby.
4. Follow the instructions of the nurses and a lactation consultant.
Answer: D
Once the baby is born, the best way for the mother to learn how to breastfeed is to follow the instructions of the nurse and a lactation consultant. These members of the team have the professional expertise to teach new mothers about breastfeeding. Friends are not always a reliable source of information.
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References
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